An Economic Analysis of Container Shipping Through Canadian Northwest Passage
Dongqin Lua, Gyei-Kark Parkb, Kyounghoon Choib, Sangjin Ohb
Abstract
Over the last 30 years the extent of sea-ice covering the North Pole has declined about 15∼20% on average, and it is expected that by the end of the 21st century, vast areas of the Arctic Ocean will be ice-free during the summer season, thus, increasing the possibility of ship navigation across the Arctic Ocean.
In this paper, we have developed a model of shipping for the Northwest Passage (hereinafter NWP) in northern Canada to determine whether ice thinning will make this route more economically viable when compared with the Panama Canal. Among the 7 routes of the NWP, Route 2 and Route 3 offer better navigational conditions than the others. However, Route 3 has a depth limit of only 10m, so here we use Route 2 which is suitable for deep draft navigation to carry on our analysis. Container ships of 4,500∼15,000 TEU under Hub and spoke mode, container shipping between Busan port and New York port is simulated for the Panama Canal and the NWP.
This paper considers Canada's sovereignty in matters of navigation over the waters at the Arctic Archipelago, in the form of a toll fee for passage usage. We concluded that the NWP has an advantage over the Panama Canal if it is open for free international passage, regardless of ship size. However, if it is not free, its advantages depend on its toll fee. The lower the toll fee is, the more advantages the NWP will boast.
Keywords: the Northwest Passage (NWP); the Panama Canal; Container shipping cost; Economic Analysis
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Study on Economic Regulation of Collaborative Strategies among Container Shipping Companies Following Repeal of European Union Regulation 4056/86
Rawindaran Nair
ABSTRACT
The European Union removed the block exemption granted under Regulation 4056/86, to liner shipping companies to provide scheduled services on a collaborative basis effective October 2008. This has also been followed by the proposed P3 alliance with participation of Maersk, MSC and CMA CGM. This paper explores, the arguments adopted by the US Federal Maritime Commission, the European Commission and the Ministry of Commerce of China, in rejecting the case proposed by the P3 alliance. The findings of this paper will inform on understanding strategies adopted by major Competition Regulatory authorities in their interpretation of horizontal collaboration in the industry.
Keywords: Economic Regulations; Container Shipping; Horizontal Collaboration; Consortia; Alliances
Source link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2092521216300268
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